Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Quality - Research Paper Example The CNE article utilizes solid information through indicating conferences with the IOM report of 2000 and the investigations of James in 2013. For example, by alluding to the investigations, for example, that of James, unmistakably the exploration directed is of high caliber, solid, and substantial. The supposition that will be that the examination includes the distinguishing proof of preventable antagonistic occasions that are promptly pertinent in the emergency clinic settings. For instance, a portion of the preventable antagonistic occasions include the mistakes of exclusion, blunders of setting, mistakes of commission, blunders of correspondence, and those of setting. The exploratory structure utilized in this article involves a few measures concerning the patient wellbeing and culture. Additionally, the test incorporates differed components of the patient wellbeing society that experience improvements. The structure in this setting picks up certainty by utilizing various devices to learn the wellbeing of the patients. A portion of the instruments included incorporate the security demeanor polls, wellbeing social reviews, and the wellbeing social improvement device. There is fitting of the instruments to different people to increase a more extensive viewpoint of the issue being referred to. Logically, the instruments focused on the emergency clinic staff, the patients, and the clinical faculty. In this way, it is a decent structure for the investigation of the wellbeing of patients in the medicinal services arrangement. Ulrich and Kear (2014) have figured out how to utilize precise information and insights from perceived examinations and reports. For example, the IOM report shows the quantities of individuals harmed and those that kicked the bucket because of preventable unfavorable occasions. Despite the precise utilization of this information, the examination neglects to complete a basic factual investigation to determine and offer criticism to the people that took an interest in the studies and surveys. In synopsis, the article gives a record of what security has involved in the US after the patient wellbeing took the inside phase of the medicinal services framework. It considers

Planning, Execution and Control Capabilities in a Real

The Executive Summary Dubai, in the same way as other different nations inside the Middle East, is notable for oil creation. Oil, being the uncommon item that it is, has empowered economies of nations where it is produce to bloom to jealous levels. Most nations in the Middle East like Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia have recorded enormous and gigantic developments in their economies because of the accessibility of the oil stores that they have.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Planning, Execution and Control Capabilities in a Real-World Project †The Real Estate Projects in Dubai explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The equivalent is valid with the United Arab Emirates. In any case, because of the developing worries of enhancement, it has gotten important to put resources into different areas of the economy too. It is against this scenery that Dubai has put much infrastructural interests in the land (Pacione 2005, p. 259). As one of the se ven emirates of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has sliced a specialty to be one of the most alluring goals in the land. The land ventures are really becoming extremely quick in this emirate. Indeed, it is accounted for that about 33% of the considerable number of cranes on the planet are engaged with building properties in Dubai. By chance, as per the Interpol, the Emirate is positioned as probably the most secure spot to live in the entire world. This has made financial specialists race to the Emirate with different advancement ventures. Key, among the activities, incorporates the travel industry and land advancement. In any case, so as to understand the productive execution of any land venture, sufficient arranging and control abilities must be set up. The primary point of this paper is to underscore different arranging, execution and control issues in a particular land venture in Dubai. The undertaking under examination evidently is the City of Arabia in Dubai (Pã ©rez, 2007, p . 38). Presentation The city of Arabia is a multi billion dollar interest in the Dubai suburb at the core of Dubailand. It is anticipated to offer residency and homes to in excess of thirty 4,000 family units upon finish. Also, it contains the world’s biggest Mall, the Mall of Arabia along with the Restless Planet, which is a universally realized dinosaur amusement park. This causes it to take on the situation of key goal inside the new Dubai. This depends on the cafés, shopping centers, facility, managerial workplaces and schools that are contained inside the city (Cooper 2008, p. 103). The city of Arabia is significantly isolated into four components which incorporate the Mall of Arabia, the Restless Planet, the Wadi Walk and the Elite Towers. Then again, the Wadi walk comprises of a water front network with open air bistros, a la mode lofts and appealing retail outlets while the first class towers is a gathering of thirty four stunningly private and business condos (Bagae en 2007, p. 183).Advertising Looking for proposition on venture the executives? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon finishing, the city of Arabia is intended to have its own monorail framework for motivations behind decreasing the utilization of vehicles inside the city. Other significant arranging contemplations for the city incorporate thirty thousand, 800 occupants who will involve 8,000 200 private units. Furthermore, there will likewise be a catchment zone that has an absolute populace of 1.87 million individuals. Research Aim and Objectives The point of leading this exploration is to decide the ramifications of task arranging, execution, and control capacities on venture advancement and progress as per spending plan, plan, asset the board, and distinguish open doors for development for water treatment in the city of Dubai. Keeping that in mind, the accompanying destinations effectively achieve the point: To seriously distinguish and get the best organization to configuration, create, and introduce a water treatment framework holding fast to the CPM diagram, quotes, and earned an incentive for the task. To distinguish the ramifications of task achievement dependent on introductory financial plan, timetable, difficulties and open doors for development, and properly oversees accessible assets. Speculation H0 (Null theory): The abilities of arranging, execution and control capacities of undertakings have no suggestions on certifiable task achievement. H1 (elective theory): Project the executives apparatuses when utilized by the have positive ramifications on the arranging, execution and control capacities of ventures in a true task as per venture financial plan, calendar, and asset the board. A one followed test will be utilized since an expansion in the estimation of the elective speculation will have suggestions on the exploration. Writing Review and Discussion The accomplishment of any significa nt endeavor relies upon the way wherein arranging and the execution of the arrangement is done. Heavenly plans require all around set down systems, sufficient fund and able groups of staff for their fruitions. The arranging of the city of Arabia in Dubai introduced a great deal of arranging chances to various partners the greater part of whom were global organizations who were contracted to accomplish the work. One such open door included the Aquateknik plan execution (Balakrishnan 2008, p. 77). Clearly, Aquateknik was the organization contracted to manage the water treatment providers of the city of Arabia. This organization was established back in the year 1987 and significantly manages the treatment of water. As a specialist in this industry, the organization is centered around planning, advancement, establishment and the undertaking of water treatment frameworks that are exclusively fabricated. They along these lines have huge information and encounters in this trade.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Planning, Execution and Control Capabilities in a Real-World Project †The Real Estate Projects in Dubai explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the arranging and execution of the city of Arabia, the Aquateknik Company was contracted to manufacture campgrounds, pools, entertainment meccas, lodgings and water stops inside the city. Different regions where their center was required were the aquariums, zoological nurseries and creature parks. What's more the administrations of treating the mechanical water, building regular lakes, waterways and trench framework were solidly under them. In addition, the organization was additionally contracted to assemble wellsprings, water workmanship and mirror bowls. It is apparent from the above extent of work that immense asset and labor distribution was required for the accomplishment of the activities. Be that as it may, of more noteworthy significance was anticipating the best a nd commonsense methods for dealing with all these (Ramos 2010, p. 124). Despite the fact that the consultancy and development of various segments of the ventures won't be a simple errand, the Wadi Walk territory as an Arabian Venice presents an impressive test. This is on the grounds that it will require the development of a channel that coasts tenderly all through the city of Arabia. Considering the way that the ebb and flow gracefully of water to the local locations is reliant on the cabs, there is bound to be a great deal of resistance from the taxi administrators who may decipher this as being tossed bankrupt. This is equivalent to produce genuine and real arranging difficulties for the organization. In any case, the taxi administrators ought to be guaranteed of elective wellsprings of employments once the venture is set up (Oxford Business Group 2008, p. 373). Proposals Based on the huge work portfolio that will be associated with the arranging, structure and improvement of the city of Arabia, it is strongly suggested that lone organizations with enough validity and capacity of conveyance on the plans ought to be contracted. This can be accomplished by letting numerous organizations to various regions of activity as opposed to leaving the entire work to a solitary temporary worker. Through this, high competency and great nature of work will be accomplished because of the sufficient division of work and skill. Nonetheless, above all, the diverse contracted organizations must share their structure designs so as not to cover crafted by others or leave work holes fully expecting taking care of by an alternate organization. End The city of Arabia has introduced a perfect arranging chance to the plan and improvement firms of the world. They will exhibit their abilities and capacities for the equivalent in achieving the best of standard. Critical, notwithstanding, will be the detailing and adherence to dependable arranging apparatuses and strategies.Advertising Searching for proposition on venture the executives? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More References Bagaeen, S 2007, ‘Brand Dubai: The Instant City; or the Instantly Recognizable City’, International Planning Studies, vol. 12, no. 2 , pp. 173-197. Balakrishnan, MS 2008, ‘Dubai †a star in the east: A contextual analysis in vital goal branding’, Journal of Place Management and Development, vol 1 no. 1, pp. 62 †91. Cooper, P 2008, Opportunity Dubai: Making a Fortune in the Middle East, Harriman House Limited, Petersfield. Oxford Business Group 2008, The Report: Dubai 2008, Oxford Business Group, London. Pacione, M 2005, ‘Industrial strong waste removal in Dubai, UAE: An examination in monetary geography’, Cities, vol. 22, no. 3 , pp. 255â€265. Pã ©rez, L 2007, United Arab Emirates: 2007 Article IV Consultation †Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the United Arab Emirates, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. . Ramos, SJ 2010, Dubai Amplified: The Engineering of a Port Geography, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, Burlington. This p

Alumni Stories Ella Watson-Stryker, MIA 09 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Alumni Stories Ella Watson-Stryker, MIA ’09 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Every October, Columbians around the worldâ€"alumni, students, parents, friends, neighbors, faculty, and staffâ€"come together for Columbia Giving Day, a 24-hour online fundraising event  on Oct. 26, 2016. Our alumni are deeply committed to making a real difference in the world.  To support  Giving Day,  the work our alumni do,  and to virtually say thanks to all of SIPAs alumni who take on global issues, big and small, Ill share one alumni story a week every Friday  this month.  The videos highlight the work of especially distinguished SIPA alumni, underscoring their various contributions to our society in the US and abroad. As a health promoter for Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), Ella Watson-Stryker, MIA ’09 worked on the front lines of the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. “You can work really hard and sometimes it’s not enough,” she says. “But… we have to keep trying because if we’re not trying, then no one else will.”

Juveniles Are Legal Law Of An Alternate State - 1273 Words

A juvenile for jurisdictional purposes as an individual between the ages of 10 to 18 years old, albeit in a few expresses 16- and 17-year-olds may be dealt with as grown-ups when they have perpetrated a wrongdoing. A delinquent child is characterized for the most part as a youngster who has damaged any state or neighborhood law; a government law or law of an alternate state; or who has gotten away from control in a nearby or state remedial office. Juveniles are liable to police mediation for a more extensive scope of practices than are grown-ups. Greater part of youngsters confess to participating in a few sorts of reprobate conduct, however just a little number of youth are ever captured by cops, and significantly less are ever alluded†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since 1974 with the passage of the National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, programs have been established, by the juvenile justice system and child welfare system, to supplement short-term crisis intervention to runaway youth† (Rose, ND). A young person may enjoy criminal exercises because of peer pressure. There are umpteen reasons on what can lead an adolescent to perpetrate a wrongdoing, and usually it is discovered that peer pressure assumes a conspicuous part in it. High school is a stage when the individual is creating and adapting through investigation. They are adolescent, unpracticed but to end up full-grown. Along these lines, the conceivable outcomes of misconceiving a circumstance and taking wrong choices are multitudinous. These are a few reasons why youngsters wind up perpetrating criminal acts under peer pressure. â€Å"Peer pressure can be difficult for a child. Peer pressure is when a person does something they normally would not do in order to fit into or impress a group† (Greater Sudbury Police Service, 2010). Teen take a gander at peer gatherings to set guidelines for right social conduct. Numerous carry on in ways the gathering affirms to feel they have a place. Results can prompt: being ta lked into something terrible that you would not like to do needing to be acknowledged by

Critical Theory The Raven - 1394 Words

Christopher Hendry Dr. Harwell ENG 205 5 November, 2015 Term Paper Critical Theory: Post-Structuralism (Deconstructionism) Author: Edgar Allan Poe Work: The Raven Literature has been one of the main sources of inspiration and possibly the most influential of modern media. There have been many authors that have had their works studied and transferred to to the big screen, including Charles Dickens, Herman Mellville, Jane Eyre, Nathanial Hawthorne, and many many more. Amoungst those authors is Edgar Allan Poe, one of America s most well-known 19th century writters. There have been many movies, songs, and characters based on the characters of Poe s works and on Poe himself in some cases. For example, The Raven has been rendered as a movie on two seperate occasions in American Cinema; once in 1963 and again in 2012. The fact that he has managed to not only have his characters as the model of other writers fictional characters, but he himself as a model for them aswell, is a massive indicator of just how long Edgar Allan Poe will be around. Edgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809 in Boston to a family of actors. Close to Poe s birth his father left Poe s mother to care for the family on her own, aproxiamatly three years later Poe s mother died. Poe, obviously not being able to care for himself at such a young age, was brought to live with his aunt and uncle in Virginia. His uncle, John Allen, was a merchant that made his money elling tobacco. John wanted Poe to workShow MoreRelatedPower Between Power And Oppression1467 Words   |  6 Pagesserve to examine the five bases of power as outlined by Raven and French. The primary focus of this paper will be on the development of the five bases of power, the connection between power and oppression, the impact on leadership practice, and the relation to other similar theories. Raven and French have focused on the use of social power to influence individuals. Through their examination of social power they have identified five critical sources of power that have helped us to create an understandingRead MoreHypothetico-Deductive Modeling to QA1267 Words   |  6 Pageshis research. This model served him in his explanation of natural selection and evolution. His research was predicated on the use of existing theories during his time. He would use these theories to create a hypothesis. This hypothesis served to allow for the collection of data. This data allowed him to challenge and/or contradict an existing theory (Penny, 2009). Darwin’s mode of operation and his ability to advance knowledge of the biological sciences serves as a powerful example of howRead MoreSymbolism And Charm : How Poe Accomplished His Peculiarity1153 Words   |  5 PagesMagazine. Traditionally, Poe was a man of limited words; he tried to write as concisely as possible. T his proved accurate in this critical essay, as it is not very lengthy. It does, however, correctly depicts Poe s message; he wanted to explain to fellow writers his theory of how it is that acclaimed writers compose well. According to Poe, there are four essential theories regarding the writing of literature: single effect, a melancholy tone, dark settings, and mentally unstable and/or unreliable narratorsRead MoreAlexander Pope s Translation Of The Iliad984 Words   |  4 Pageson the critical theory of English we covered Jacques Derrida and were assigned to imitate his style of analysis. I wrote about â€Å"to quote† and how the verb could be used reflexively and non reflexively, and because English has no markers for reflexive verbs, â€Å"to quote† can be used to directly credit a speaker or obfuscate the speaker completely. The famous line from The Raven, â€Å"Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’† begs the questions, Who is quoting whom? Is Poe q uoting the raven? Is the raven quotingRead MoreAn Methodology Suitable For Scientific Education958 Words   |  4 Pagesargued over their ideas for the most appropriate methodology suitable for scientific research. Ideologically, scholars are constantly divided on the most appropriate methodology for acquiring empirical truth within their work. Broadly categorised, the critical divide has been between inductive and deductive methodologies. While deductive methodologies are based upon logical reason, universal law and particulars, induction is seen to be based on the application of scientific techniques, analysis, observationsRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Father Of American Gothicism1178 Words   |  5 Pagesglorious house is falling apart, uncared for by its occupants; he controls himself for a little bit, but suddenly and with little explanation loses that control when he gives in to his superstitions and literally gets scared to death. Although, in â€Å"The Raven† gives u s few clues about his financial situation; we don’t know if he’s renting a room in which he sits or if he owns the entire house, nor do we know the condition of the velvet curtains or his velvet chair; since the beginning his control is inRead MoreThe Influence of Edgar Allan Poes Life on His Morbid Writings591 Words   |  3 Pagesillness and the stress of his dying wife. Two years later, Virginia died of tuberculosis, and Poe’s own death would follow shortly two years after that. The Raven, published in 1845, brought Poe temporary popular and critical acclaim. The Raven was a personal challenge Edgar imposed upon himself. Poe originally wanted to use a parrot instead of a raven, but he felt it didn’t evoke the right tone. He also wanted to write a 100 line poem, but ended up with 108 lines, which was good enough for Poe. The oneRead More Personal Development and Reflective Reasoning in Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesand insights of others into their own work. In nursing courses students learn through lecture and discussion, which is the primary method for teaching theoretical principles, but when you add a more complete understanding of the relationship between theory and practice one may become a more competent nurse. Awareness of issues and analysis of knowledge and feelings are some stages that are involved in reflection but then identification and integration of new learning is needed as well. By consciouslyRead MoreWest Point Cheating Incident Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pageswhen people make decisions, which jeopardize the mission, integrity, moral, reputation of an organization. The cheating incident at WestPoint serves as an example of what can happen when you have a loss of institutional control and leadership. Theory The West Point cheating incident is a case, which centers around a breach in the integrity and honesty of its cadets. There report reveals the many factors, which contributed to the incident becoming a major problem for the service academy. TheRead MoreFailure Of Responsible Management : Enron Corporation1645 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational culture, and planning. The reader has able to understand that the responsible management is a complicated system, only correct use responsible management could avoid Enron event happen again. Methodology This report will be composed with theory and case study, which is research responsible management how to effect on organization, and responsible management combined by important elements, such as ethics and corporate social responsibility, leadership, organizational culture, and planning

Exports and Revival of Chickankari Free Essays

Exports Generally considered a cottage industry, Indian Chikankari Industry has outgrown its image to evolve into a rapid growing industry with a turnover from US $ 1. 2 million to US$ 1. 9 billion in the last decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Exports and Revival of Chickankari or any similar topic only for you Order Now There has been a consistent annual growth rate of more than 15 per cent over a 10-year period, from 3. 6% to a respectable 10% share in global embroidery exports. In 2008-2009, the exports of Indian handicrafts has shown an increase of US$ 298. 87 million, i. e. the exports increases by 10. 02% over the similar period during 2008-2009. The industry is expected to triple its export turnover to Rs. 39,000 crore by 2009-10 that in turn will also create around 2 lakh new job opportunities. Revival The industrial revolution and the increasing productivity had slowed down the growth and the quality of arts and crafts, but for some decades now, the scenario has changed and machine-made products no longer attract the people. Presently handicrafts are being considered as vocational media and it is also opted for style statement and the leisure pursuit. Today, the crafts and craftspeople have a vital role to play in modern India – not just as part of its cultural and tradition, but as part of its economic future. The children in front of their small dingy houses play in the dust, and fight and cry through the day. But their noise hardly deters the women from stitching delicate designs on sarees, kurta pyjama, salwar kameez, shirts, bed-sheets, pillow covers, cushion covers, etc. Love for stitching It is their love for stitching which keeps the rich chikankari tradition alive in the culturally vibrant city of Lucknow. Around 2. lakh chikankari artisans in Lucknow and nearby Malihabad, Kakori, Unao, Bilagram, Alam Nagar, Bijnaur and Bilaspura villages earn Rs 15 to Rs 50 a day from chikankari work. Chikankari exports fetch more than $12. 5 million a year for the State and supports a million people in the entire supply chain. Though there is huge demand for chikankari work in the domestic and international markets, maintaining the craft’s popularity is becoming a big problem. Large-scale mechanisation, entry of similar embroidery works from neighbouring countries, influence of middlemen and the disinterestedness of enior artisans caste a gloom on the craft’s future. Senior artisans do not get the price they deserve. The growing societal indifference to aesthetic craft, aggressive consumerism and increasing influence of middlemen in the trade have eroded much of the skill and artistry — many fine chikankari stitching techniques such as kaudi, jodapati, dhumkipati, khjur ki pati, double bakhia, rahejka jakha and gol murri have almost disappeared. Gone are the days when senior chikankari artisans won accolades in the courts of kings and nawabs. It is believed the Moghul queen Noor Jahan was the creator of chikankari work. In fact, the origin of chikankari work goes beyond the medieval period. Greek traveller Megasthenes mentions about Indians making fine embroidery work on muslin cloth in 3 BC. In three phases The exotic chikankari work is made in three phases. The artisan first imagines the motifs of different flowers, creepers, birds, animals, geometric shapes, etc. Then the wooden blocks of the motifs are prepared to make an imprint on the cloth base. The artisans then blend different stitching techniques to instil life into those motifs which are then stitched on cotton, silk, georgette, chiffon and other fabrics. Images of Taj Mahal, temples, mosques, and so on, are woven on clothes with amazing dexterity. The State’s handicraft department also provides computer-generated designs to artisans. Though there is no dearth of designs and innovation there is a shortage of skilled workers. Today, there are more daily wagers than real artists in Lucknow. Naseem Bano, the national award winner from Lucknow, still preserves the skill of making anokhi chikan which is known only to a few artisans in Lucknow. The artisan combines morie, kali and keherki stitching to make the subject look as if it is painted with a fine brush. It is believed the famous chikankari artisan Hasan Mirza had created anokhi chikan in the 1960s. Anokhi and other fine chikan work were as costly as gold in the western and European market. The skill and artistry of the chikankari craft must be preserved, as it has the potential to generate revenue and employment on a sustainable basis. How to cite Exports and Revival of Chickankari, Papers

The Handmaids Tale Essay Example

The Handmaids Tale Essay In her novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margret Atwood uses symbolism to illustrate the handmaid’s role in the society of Gilead. The handmaids are the women who had broken law of Gilead, and were forced into the role of a surrogate mother for a higher ranking couple. The handmaids had no rights or free will. They were under constant surveillance and this caused them to be very cautious. The author characterizes most handmaids as a tentative and distrustful, which is perhaps why Offred never puts in words the magnitude of her discontent with her new life, because it’s possible she doesn’t truly trust the reader. The author uses symbols such as the handmaid’s dress-code, a pigs ball, and even the handmaids names to give the reader a sense of the handmaid’s imprisonment. The handmaid’s dress-code was a very strict one; it was a dress-code that symbolized their one, sole duty; to bear a child. The handmaids were only needed for their reproductive services, so their dresses were red, to indicate their fertility. As Offred is dressing she describes her uniform; â€Å"Everything except the wings around my face is red: the color of blood, which defines us. The skirt is ankle-length, full, gathered to a flat yoke that extends over the breasts, the sleeves are full. The white wings too are prescribed issue; they are to keep us from seeing, but also from being seen,† (p. 9). The handmaid’s were not supposed to be viewed as sexual beings, (though many people thought of them as adulteresses). The main character Offred describes her and her fellow handmaid’s as two-legged wombs, and nothing more. Their only purpose in life was to conceive a child, which was represented openly by the color of their robes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The handmaids in the novel lead such a caged life that in one of Offred’s many deep reflections, Atwood compares Offreds life symbolically to the life of a prized show pig. The handmaid’s were not permitted to entertain themselves nor flex their intellectual abilities, even simple games such as Scrabble would get them sent away to become an Unwoman, the worst outcome imaginable. As Offred longs for something to distract her, she thinks; â€Å"there’s time to spare. This is one of the things I wasn’t prepared for – the amount of unfilled time, the long parentheses of nothing†¦I wait, washed, brushed, fed, like a prize pig. Sometime in the eighties they invented pig balls, for pigs who were being fattened in pens. Pig balls were large colored balls; the pigs rolled them around with their snouts†¦the pigs were curious, they liked to have something to think about†¦I wish I had a pig ball,† (p. 85). The pigs are permitted to have a ball to entertain themselves, while the handmaids are only left with their thoughts. The author creates a symbol with the ball to demonstrate how the handmaid’s emotional and intellectual needs were valued even less than a pig’s. The handmaid’s names were also a clear representation of their position in society. For example, Offred, or Of-Fred, is a clear statement that this woman belongs to Fred, and Ofwarren, belongs to Warren. The handmaids didn’t even have enough freedom to maintain their real names. They were forced to accept a new patronymic name that striped them from their former identity entirely. Of-fred is a direct indication that these women are being reduced to the value of an object that can be possessed or thrown away if it doesn’t function properly. Atwood uses symbolism to expand the readers understanding of Offreds and the other handmaids’ dire situations. The handmaids’ lead extremely cautious and guarded lives, because any sign of rebellion could get them killed. The author uses symbols such as the dresses that represents the handmaids fertility, a pig that had more privileges than the women, and the handmaids labels to expand the readers understanding of Offreds position and emotions, because as a handmaid, she could never express them fully. The Handmaids Tale Essay Example The Handmaids Tale Paper There are many themes and issues which take place in The Handmaids Tale. All of these themes address the way in which society may be in the future. The meaning of dystopia is an un-perfect world. This plays a centre theme within The Handmaids Tale. Within the first chapters of the novel, Margaret Atwood illustrates a very strong sense of a negative society in which the handmaids are living in. For example; in the opening chapter the place which they are standing in is almost described as a prison or an asylum because the windows are not made of glass, the pictures on the walls have no glass and the net within the basketball hoop has been taken out. This gives the reader an initially instinct that their society is very hostile and intense. Also the women who are called the aunts are described to patrol the corridors with electric cattle prods. This tells us immediately that they handmaids are treated as animals and have a very un-human living. Religion also plays a strong part in The Handmaids Tale. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is made apparent to the reader when a very rare dialogue appears with two girls about God. Praise be, Praise be. This is repeated very often throughout the conversation. This can tell us that there are very strong views on religion and all the girls must obide by them. This can suggest to us that the society is very totalitarian, in the sense that everyone must obey rules. The role of the handmaids at this stag is very vague however we do no that the role of the handmaids is to repopulate society so therefore the handmaids are made to reproduce and have children for other women who cant. Where I am is not a prison but a privilege. This shows us that the handmaids are thankful for there position in society rather then being classed as an un-women who are the women that cannot have children. This therefore shows us that these girls are almost brainwashed into thinking that their society is right. I think Margaret Atwood has done this to voice her views on women in society and how men can easily overpower them. The rules, routines and restriction of Gilead, I think is the strongest issue within the first chapters. This illustrates to the reader the extent of how much their future society is a dystopia. The rules are very strict; the handmaids are not allowed any communication between each other and certainly not men. Within the novel a lot of the restrictions for the handmaids is to avoid the temptations of physical attention however this is not just sexually but just normal human contact. For example; and touched each others hands across open space. This shows us the extent of how much they are restricted and almost treated like children who cant be trusted. I think that this again reflects back to Atwoods views on women. This novel illustrates a very stereotypical picture on women and how they are only good for housekeeping and raising children. However this is very strange as this novel is written in the future. This therefore shows the reader that there has been a massive collapse in society and it has reverted backwards. This is very ironic as the novel is written in the future but displays behaviour as it were in the past. The Narrative technique of this novel is very simple. It is written in the first person and in present tense throughout. The narrator of the novel is a handmaid who doesnt have a name. This significant into again women are seen in society and because she does not own a name this shows us that she is not respected nor does she have an identity. Finally Atwood uses a lot of different techniques and language throughout her writing. Atwood uses a lot of rhetorical questions. The effect this has on the reader is to make the novel become more personal and almost as if it were a handmaids tale. Atwood also uses subtle hints of humour in her writing. For example; reds not my colour. I think this is done for many reasons one being to show that the handmaids lives are not really that bad but another which reflects atwoods views more is to shows that however unhappy or controlled a women is they can still adapt and get on with life. Lastly Atwood has written this novel in complex context however I think this is to symbolise the way in which the handmaids feel. Again this is to give the feel of a more personally written novel. Altogether within the first chapters of The Handmaids Tale, many themes and issues have taken strong influence on the readers concept. All of these factors help illustate the novel in a more diverse way. By Jodie Tuley Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margaret Atwood section. The Handmaids tale Essay Example The Handmaids tale Essay Chapter 24 * Offred reflects on her relations with the commander. Offred feels that she enjoys the company that the Commander gives her. Suddenly she wants to laugh out loud and realizes that she cant because the room that she is in is accessible to all of the members. So she goes to the closet the most conserved place given to her and randomly laughs. * In this chapter, Offred expresses her feelings towards the commander and states that she looks forward to a friendship of some sort. * The chapter ends with the word opening which might mean that she is opening to a new somewhat more happier life and the old life she had, the miserable lonely life is about to be over. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chapter 25 * The chapter starts of with a horrifying surprise for Cora as she thinks that Offred has killed her self because she was found sleeping on the closet floor from yesterday night. When Cora sees her alive she relief herself but has dropped and ruined her morning breakfast. Offred already feeling sick from the Birth Ceremony of Janine doesnt mind and only asks for the toast. Offred talks about the beauty of summer, fertility and the garden, signifying for the first time a bit of happiness. Offred talks about his meetings with the commander and games of scrabble and him letting see out dated magazines while he watches her. Offred acknowledges that her new relationship with the commander means more than a meeting between a handmaid and her master. * After asking, the Commander gets her lotion, he watch as she lather on the lotion which shows a bit of lust that the commander has for Offred and shows there relationship as a mistress. She starts to question the meaning of their meetings. Chapter 26 * Once again the ceremony comes up, but now Offred is emotionally involved and is afraid that Serena might find out that she is more than a handmaid to her husband. When the commander tries to touch Offreds face during the ceremony she is afraid and moves her face to the other side. * During the ceremonys now, Offred and the Commander feel awkward because they have to act like they dont know each other; the Commander also states that his wife doesnt understand him anymore, which kind of gives Offred a weakness of Serenas joys relationship. * The way the Commander behaves with Offred during the meetings and the ceremony shows how Offred has become a mistress in this triangle. Chapter 27 * Offred and Ofglen go shopping for groceries again; they pass by the church, the wall and then the university library which is now the police headquarters. Then the go stand in front of the Soul Scroll which is known as computerized factory for prayers. While looking through the shatterproof window, Offred and Ofglen see each other for the first time in a different manner and Ofglen asks when Do you think God listens to these machines? (pg. ), Offred answer opens Ofglen more and they both admit that they are not believers of this society. Offred also learns there is a underground society that Ofglen is involved in. as both of handmaids walk back to their houses glad they opened up to each other, a black van with a eye on it, stops and violently takes a man off the streets and into the van. * Knowing that Ofglen is also a nonbeliever gives hope and a sense of life to Offred because now she knows that her perspective of Gileads society is similarly to that of some others. * The ending of the chapter is sharp as is remind Offred that the smile that exist on her face because of Ofglen is once again reinforced with idea of the power of Gileads people hold. * Another interesting thing was the mentioning of the worlds natural resources being extinct, which were the whales. Tropology Symbolism- Flowers * I would think, Maybe you appreciate things more when you dont have much time left. I forgot to include the loss of energy. Some days I do appreciate things more, eggs, flowers (pg. 210) Offreds appreciation for flowers and eggs depicts that she wants to and needs to get pregnant or otherwise she will be send to the colonies. The joy and freedom that Offred has NOW will be taken away from her. * Shed like me pregnant though, over and done with and out of the way, no more humiliating sweaty tangles, no more flesh triangles under her starry canopy of silver flowers. (pg. 214) the flowers symbolize Serenas hope for Offred to quickly get pregnant so she can be moved to another family. This quote also shows that even though Serena has so much more power than Offred she still has to count on her and has to face the humiliation of receiving a child from this handmaid who she hates so much. Symbolism- Clothes * No need for modesty, in my nightgown, long-sleeved even in summer, to keep us from the temptations of our own flesh. (pg. 201) Clothing which can say a lot about a person, in this case symbolize sexuality, femininity, unity and identity. The quote states that Gileads society wants them to cover there flesh, so no men of Gilead is tempted towards them. The handmaids all wear red and in this case this shows unity and their identity. Perspective Offred * After meeting with Ofglen, Offred has hope, all of sudden she has found some excitement in her life through the commander and now her, I am so excited, I can hardly breathe (pg. 211) even though Offred was given a hope it is automatically shattered when a man is abducted from the streets by the Gileads authorities. This taking away scares Offred and gives her relief that it wasnt her. * So far in this section, her new relationship with the Commander has given her a desire to live, she laugh absurdly in the closet because she feels happy about her situation with the commander, she also enjoys the unconscious pain that she is bring to Serena Joy, meaning Serena joy doesnt know about the meetings so far. The Commander * The most powerful male character in this novel so far is the Commander, and he represents the authority or power of Gilead. Him meeting with Offred shows that he is unhappy with his life, he cant find love or friendship from his wife, the commander is showing a need towards Offred, trying to caress her during the ceremony and watching her while she looks at the magazine or puts on lotions shows, how Offred has become amusing to someone, in this case, the Commander. The commander who was kept hidden or conserved in the first sections has started to open up and we see that he isnt a bad guy, he sympathizes with Offred for using butter as a moisturizers but in a humorous way, he still doesnt realize the pity in this situation where they have to hide scrapes of butter to keep them selfs protected from dry skin. Gileads society * Having a computerized store Soul Scrolls that prints out demanded prayers really shows how important religion is to Gilead society, also the printing of desired prayers bring that idea of manipulating the prayers so they are biases and beneficial to Gileads society. toneless metallic voices repeating the same thing over and over (pg 167) shows the reader how controlling and committed the society is so people of Gilead will pray and another thing I felt was that the machines have taken away the beauty of the religion, like the machines were there to only monitor the environment. Predictions/Questions * I wonder what Nick gets out of the meetings that he arranges for the Commander and Offred, because I mean he probably is doing it for a reason, for getting some goods from the black market or receiving some sort of freedom from the Commander. * Will Serena Joy find about the meetings between the handmaid and the commander or does she already know and has decided to live with the fact? The Handmaids Tale Essay Example The Handmaids Tale Paper The Handmaids Tale is set in the near future in what was the United States but in Offreds time is known as Gilead. Gilead is in the hands of a power hungry elite who have used their own brand of Bible based religion as an excuse for the suppression of the majority of the population. Atwood takes aspects of our society today such as the decline of the Caucasian birth rate in North America, infertility and sexually transmitted diseases and makes a society within Gilead that combats these issues. Atwood states there is nothing in the novel which has not been done already by somebody, somewhere. The Handmaids Tale is Atwoods version of what if? in the most powerful democracy in the world. Atwood takes a common setting which is the United States known to us as the most powerful democracy in the world and takes issues which affect the world today and uses these aspects of life to create a horrifying dystopian novel. Gilead is frightening because it presents a mirror image of what is happening in the world around us. The first sentence in Chapter one is We slept in what had once been the gymnasium. When people have to sleep in a communal place after a natural disaster they are often relocated to a gymnasium or other such place. In this case the reader wonders what natural disaster has hit Gilead and why is it necessary to sleep in a gymnasium. We later on learn that a natural disaster has not struck and this is in fact the work of human beings. This effectively conveys the dystopian world. The people in the gymnasium have had their choice removed. The wall is a significant object in Gilead. It is not a person but it is the most powerful resource in the Gilead regime because it creates fear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is for the people within the regime to go and look at. Dead bodies of war criminals hang off this wall and everyone in Gilead knows that if they do wrong they can also end up on this wall. The novel is set in Massachusetts which was home of the Salem Witch Trials and the site of Harvard University. The wall where the corpses are hung is a key location within the novel because it recalls both the wall round Harvard Yard and the Berlin Wall which was still in place the year Atwood began writing The Handmaids Tale. The wall is also a reminder of the Nazi regime when people in concentration camps were shot standing against a wall. Once again Atwood uses events that have happened in the real world to create a sense of fear within the reader. The wall is a physical reminder of Gileads regime and is effective in conveying the dystopian world which Atwood has created. Atwood also uses the technique of switching between past and present which is clearly seen in Chapter six. When speaking about the past the narrator is happy and the reader is given positive descriptions. There are bridges, trees and green banks and young men with their naked arms. Offred talks of the old dormitories, with their fairytale turrets, painted white and gold and blue. These things are reminders of the past. On the other hand, when speaking about the present the reader is given a negative image. Offred tells the reader there are ugly new floodlights mounted on metal posts above it, and barbed wire along the bottom and broken glass set in concrete along the top. This contrast between past and present is also a contrast between beauty and ugly. The present is ugly portraying a dystopian world. Offred says there are still the old gravestones in the churchyard but they are weathered and eroding. This symbolises how although the past seeps through into the world of Gilead it is fading. Aunt Lydia previously told Offred This may not seem ordinary to you now, but after a time it will. It will become ordinary. This is exactly what is shown in the descriptions given by Offred. This new dystopian world is in the process of becoming ordinary. In Chapter two Offred describes the room that she lives in within the Commanders house. She is careful not to say my room suggesting that she has no right to belongings. Even relationships are forbidden and so she does not belong to anyone else either. She is made to seem isolated and emotionless like a doll. Significantly, Offred describes the main street in Gilead as a museum or a model town suggesting the people within it are also models. This makes the reader realise that this is what humans have been reduced to; they have a body but no emotions. The description of the room like Offred is emotionless. Short sentences with abrupt punctuation are used removing emotion from the description; A chair, a table, a lamp. The room is simple and plain with very little in it. Offred states Theyve removed anything you could tie a rope to. In Chapter five the reader is told that Aunt Lydia said There is more than one kind of freedom Freedom to and freedom from. In this life the Handmaids do not have the freedom to take their lives. Their basic choice of whether to live or die has been removed from them. The human becomes a vessel for in this case producing babies. The setting portrays a society with no emotion. Gilead is a factory with the sole aim to produce babies. In Chapter five the reader learns about the main street which leads to the shopping area. First Offred and Ofglen have to pass through a checkpoint reminding the reader that there is a war going on outside Gilead. Then they go down the street towards the market. There are different shops with biblical names such as Milk and Honey and Lilies of the Field. This gives the reader the impression that there is a strong religious influence within society in Gilead. Often in our world religion is used as a justification for our actions. The biblical references within the novel suggest that the regime in Gilead is justifiable because this is what G-d wanted. In this chapter Offred also reminisces about the time when she was a free woman and had her life with her child and Luke, her husband. Although on the surface everything is now under the regime in Gilead Offreds memories signify the past is not totally forgotten. In this chapter Offreds memories resemble our world and the new street in Gilead is the dystopian world. Atwood successfully contrasts these two images conveying the dystopian world in Gilead. In Chapter eleven Offred mentions the Colonies. She talks about the doctor and says He could have me shipped off to the Colonies, with the Unwomen. The Unwomen are the women that rebel against the regime in Gilead. In the Colonies you die of radiation sickness. Effectively, if you do anything wrong in Gilead you are sent out to die and rejected, labelled as an Unwoman by Gilead. The mention of the colonies and its purpose clearly conveys the dystopian world which Atwood has created. Offreds description of the suburban street in Chapter 5 page 33 suggests that it is artificial. It is empty and there is a lack of people and children. This lack of children has resulted in the very reason for the regime. It is the crisis at the centre of Gileads social and political life. This artificial description gives the illusion of peace but Offred comments on the Commanders wife sitting in her garden on page 22 and states From a distance it looks like peace. Gilead is a false image of domestic security where, as Offred says, nothing moves. This statement is strengthened when Offred comments on the difference between centres and borders. This artificial setting gives the illusion of happiness but demonstrates that Gilead is in fact not a happy place and is full of disorder. This disorder is another aspect of a dystopian world. Atwood has explained that the novel is set in the United States because The states are more extreme in everything Everyone watches the States to see what the country is doing and might be doing ten or fifteen years from now. The States are a superpower and often step in to help out in international affairs. Europe often looks to the states to see the future. This is reflected in our technology that has advanced significantly in the past century. Although the novel is a futuristic scenario the protagonist has grown up in the 1970s and 1980s which is close to our time. This novel demonstrates that this society could happen. At the time Atwood was writing her book the cold war was happening and there were problems with both technology and pollution in many countries. In some countries there was also a declining birth rate just as in Gilead. The novel shows the reader what can happen when the government go to extremes in order to stop these problems and makes the society ever more real. Therefore, the presentation and significance of the settings in the Handmaids Tale is crucial in conveying the dystopian world which Atwood has created. Although on the surface Gilead appears to be a pleasant place it is mainly artificial described as a museum and is truly a totalitarian state. The setting demonstrates what has happened from a disaster made by human beings. Offred is provided with a plain and bare room in a house which she cannot even call her own. Her job is to produce a baby for a commander and so she is merely treated as a vessel as are all the women within this regime. Gilead is in fact the United States, Massachusetts. Using a country that the reader is familiar with and writing about aspects such as pollution and feminism which are key issues in society in our time effectively creates a sense of fear within the reader. The lack of choice, freedom and isolation demonstrated by the setting is most effective in conveying the dystopian world which Atwood has created. The Handmaids Tale Essay Example The Handmaids Tale Paper Throughout the entire text of The Handmaids Tale, the ruling totalitarian government does what is in its power to attempt to isolate women from society. Not only do are the women isolated from society in terms of sexual contact (or any contact, for that matter), with men, but they are also individualized within the gender itself and separated from each other. Evidence of this isolation is available throughout the novel in different levels. The first level, perhaps the harshest, is the division of genders, with women like the Handmaids unable to communicate with unmarried men. Offreds separation from men is apparent when she compares herself to the power of a dog bone (29), but the bone is held out of reach (29). This depicts how there is a strict gender division that disallows them to even communicate with each other, much less have sex. For the Angels, they are not even allowed to look at the so- called dog bone. When we are first introduced to the idea of the Angels, Offred mentions that the Angels must stand outside of the gymnasium with their backs to us (10). Offred wishes that they would only look at her and if only something could be exchanged (10). We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The guards of the complex Offred is held in at the beginning of the novel arent even allowed inside it. With the men not allowed in the Red Center and the women now allowed outside of it, they are each isolated from each other. Even though women are isolated from men, they are also separated from each other. Women are segregated further into social classes, such as the Handmaid or the lowly Econowife. These women are separated by their function of society, and they are identified with the color they wear. Handmaids wear red, which Offred is opposed to because she never looked good in red (14). Her opposition to the color shows the limits of her decision-making (if it can be argued that she makes any at all). All women are separated according to their colors, whether it was red, the green that the Marthas wear, black, or the ugly stripes of the Econowives. While all women were separated into classes, identifiable by their color, this was not the end of Offreds removal from society. Even between women of the same class, Offred being a Handmaid, communication is still heavily regulated. Even before she is a Handmaid, when she is in the gymnasium, the other women and she are held with little sense of community. They can only reach out and touch one another when the Aunts werent looking (10) in the dark, showing the sense of separating between women and the enforcement of that separation from women of a different class, the Aunts. When Offred and another Handmaid are allowed to be together (allowed in the sense that it is an illusion that is really an attempt to keep them in line by preying on their fears that the other may be an Eye), they are almost afraid to talk to one another. Praise be (28) is Just one of the many examples of the automated responses that the Handmaids are able to give ach other and anyone else they come into contact with. The mistrust of Handmaids even between one another caused by the Eyes further separates Offred, and indeed all other women. composition of her thoughts is an act of rebellion against that isolation. She thrives on the idea that if she tells her story she is creating a community. Any story that is told must have an audience, so by narrating her story she is believing [the reader] into being (267) and creating a community of her own. Throughout the entire novel, Offred is trying to create a community. The Latin that is carved into the wood of her(? room gives her a sense of connection with someone, even if they had never met. She makes up a story for this person, how they may have actually escaped, and thinking up a story for her to believe makes the person who was there before her real, and she would feel some sort of connection with them. Offred wants to continue this trend when she wants to steal something (114). She wants to steal something, which she decides should be a flower, so she could leave it [under the mattress], for the next woman (115) to have. She uses these objects to symbolize the idea of connection and community within the Handmaids, the ones ho are all connected by that one room and the objects that are found in it. Though Offred looks for connection with the other Handmaids, perhaps the stronger community she feels, the one that dominates her mind for a good portion of the novel, is that with her own family. Luke and her daughter give Offred a sense of community, and she spends an excessive amount of time wondering about Luke and thinking about their past. She explains to the reader her connection with Luke and how the two had an affair before they were married. One night while she lies awake in bed, she thinks up all of the cenarios of what could have happened to Luke the night they were trying to escape into Canada. She dreams up three situations and thinks them all at once because one of them must be (122) true, though she hopes that Luke, their daughter, and herself will one day be all three of us together (122), and obvious longing for the idea of community in her own family as well as the other Handmaids. Resistance to the totalitarian regime and its oppressive nature is, for the large part, futile. This is made obvious by the percentage of women who are bound to their duties. Only one woman that Offred knows of, Moria, has ever escaped. Only one woman out of all of the Handmaids and Econowives and other women has ever escaped, but even that offers some hope for a little while. Even after Moira escapes, she is recaptured and ends up living her life as a prostitute, and hasnt really escaped to freedom. When Offred meets her against she notes that Moira is lacking the rebellious attitude that used to be so central to her (284), and it appears that even Moira, the lesbian symbol of feminism and rebellion against male oppression, has been broken down and now possesses a lack of volition (284). The evidence of he futility of resistance is abundant in the text. Perhaps the biggest, if not the most demoralizing of this evidence is the note that is left behind by the previous Handmaid, the nolite (174). ind, and she makes her a strong symbol of resistance to the Gilead regime. By knowing that the previous Handmaid scratched such a motivating line, not letting the bastards get you down (228), Offred is given a sense of resistance. It isnt until the Commander tells her that the previous Handmaid killed herself that Offred is struck by a demoralizing realization: the previous Handmaid let the bastards get her down. This is strong, upsetting evidence to Offred that perhaps there is no escape and that resistance is ultimately fruitless. When Offred mentions that she feels for the first time, their true power (286), she is basically giving into the regime and giving up all of the past hopes of resistance she had. She says that they can do whatever they like with me. I am abject (286) after Ofglens death, and she now feels compelled to stop resisting and succumb to the Gilead. When she is confronted by Serena Joy after she becomes abject (286), she is completely void of any type of resistance, even when threatened with ending up Just ike the other [Handmaid] (349). Though this does not occur toward the end of the novel, the idea of resistance being useless is drilled into their heads the entire novel. Even after Janine is raped and has to have an abortion, she is made to feel like she is the one who is guilty. She is called crybaby (86) by the rest of the Handmaids when she is recounting the events and cries because of them. The Handmaids are all coerced by Aunt Helena into blaming Janine for her own rape, and that it was her fault, her fault, her fault (85) and that God allowed such a terrible thing (86) to teach her a lesson, teach her a lesson, teach her a lesson (86). When the Handmaids all chant these responses in unison against Janine it seems to break down the resistance that each of the Handmaids has against Gilead. By hearing themselves chant it they are conditioned to think of themselves as second-class citizens and that they are to be blamed by things that may be out of their control. It even forces the Handmaids to despise [Janine] (86) after she begins crying because of how ugly she looks while she is crying, when in fact she is only crying because of he rest of the Handmaids blaming her for her abuse. When the Commander first asks Offred to play Scrabble with him, she is deeply puzzled and amused by it. The Commanders room was thought to be the forbidden room (1 38), and Scrabble was harmless compared to what Offred could imagine being in this room. However, upon considering it a bit longer, though she knew only old men and women played it when there was nothing good on television (1 38), Scrabble now interests Offred the way it hadnt before. Now that the game had been outlawed for he, it seemed dangerous and indecent (138), and the fact that it is onsidered enviable when it hadnt been before. When Offred mentions that context is all (144), she means it in the way that she does when she considers Scrabble indecent. Context is unique to the situation and the way it is perceived. When Scrabble was once boring, now that it is available in a situation where Offred would otherwise not be able to play, it seems enticing. reader, may seem menial and unimportant are now considered sexual or indecent because of the context they are put in. When Offred is reading a magazine, because Handmaids are not allowed to read, the Commander is watching her and Offred nows that he found pleasure in seeing [her read] (153). Offred knows that she should feel evil for reading and that the Commander gets some sort of sexual gratification out of Just watching her read. During the Ceremony, the Commander, as well as Offred, seems blank while they are attempting to get Offred pregnant. He is approaching it as if it is a duty and it should be pleasurable, and when he is done he leaves because he thinks it is impersonal (156). Context plays a large role in him unable to find pleasure in sex with Offred but he finds a large amount of pleasure in watching her read and do hings that are forbidden because of the idea that they are doing things that are considered illegal. Offred sees Gilead as a totalitarian regime that means to take away the ability for Offred as well as other Handmaids to own her own body. She is given freedom from as opposed to freedom to (24). Context is important to the novel because it is from the point of view of Offred. Because it is from her point of view, the entire novel makes Gilead seem oppressive and an evil totalitarian regime. The reader is made to become sympathetic to the plight of Offred and those like her because of the idea hat she is being repressed by a government that step in to power when the government of the United States was taken out. The idea of nolite te bastardes carborun-dorum (54), or not letting the bastards (Gilead) get you down, depicts Gilead as trying to get Handmaids down. The Salvaging, the bodies hanging on the wall, and the abundance of suicide in the novel all paint a portrait of Gilead as uncaring and unfeeling toward the plight of the women. The reader is meant to think this until the Historical Facts section, where Professor Pieixoto is giving a presentation n Gilead. When the point of reference is changed from the oppressed Offred to that of Professor Pieixoto, the readers understanding of Gilead changes radically as well. Pieixoto warns against passing moral Judgment upon the Gileadeans (292) because of the pressure the government was under and the extraordinary circumstances they faced. The presentation of Pieixoto starkly contradicts the portrayal of Gilead by Offreds section of the novel. Declining population numbers as a result of birth control and toxins led to the radical changes in the attitude towards women in Gilead, and women became vessels to try to sustain life. Gilead was strongly driven by religion and the Christian Bible, as was seen in the Ceremony where a man and his wife would use a Handmaid to produce a child to be taken by the Wife. Context as being the most important idea in interpreting a novel is only understood after reading the section with Professor Pieixoto. After the reader is conditioned to being sympathetic toward Offered because it is from her point of view, novel when the novel suddenly becomes understanding, if not sympathetic, to Gilead.

I will be outlining the main meaning of the term parable Essay Example

I will be outlining the main meaning of the term parable Essay Example I will be outlining the main meaning of the term parable Essay I will be outlining the main meaning of the term parable Essay Essay Topic: Parable Of the Sower In this coursework, I will be outlining the main meaning of the term parable, and finding out what it means to many people in the world today. I will be concentrating on three main sections: What the term Parables mean and where it originated from, how Jesus presented his teaching in Lukes Gospel, and talking about the meaning of parables to Christians today.Parables are one of the most important means that Jesus used when communicating with the people of Israel, to spread the word of God. People liked to listen to stories rather than long sermons or talks, and Jesus parables helped them to develop their own conclusions. This meant that even people who couldnt read and write were able to remember the one message or meaning in the parable.Parables were short, sharp and straight to the point, making the listener sit up and think for themselves, helping them to develop their own personal understanding about Jesus message.What is meant by the term Parable?A Parable is a simple story with a clear teaching. The word Parable originates from the Greek work parobole meaning a comparison, and mainly has one meaning. For example, The Parable of the Mustard Seed teaches us that the Kingdom of God would grow from small beginnings into something big and significant and protection for people.Jesus, who preached his stories to many Jewish people, who werent rich, related the parables to their way of life, for example The Lost Sheep in Lukes Gospel, and The Rich Fool. The meaning of the parable is left to the listeners to work out for themselves.The difference between a parable and an allegory is that a parable clearly states the meaning or message n the parable, where as an allegory is a story where the message is hidden in a type of code. An allegory may depart into a type of make believe world, meaning the story has to be decoded to understand the meaning. For example, in the last book of the New Testament, allegorical material can be found throughout the New Testament.Many of the Parables that Jesus preached, can be found in Lukes Gospel, for example: The Parable of the Sower Luke 8:1-15, The Parable of the Good Samaritan Luke 10:25-37.Jesus used Parables in his teaching for a number of different reasons:Many people in Jesus time liked listening to stories, rather than sermons, and by preaching out in public, they captures the audiences attention.Parables were easily understood as they held clear and precise meaning to them and they were easy to listen to.The Parables encouraged people to thin for themselves, making them develop an understanding to the parable, that could be achieved by people who could not read or write.The parables have held the same meaning for the past 200 years, encouraging many Christians today, giving them genuine faith and commitment to God.Describe from Lukes Gospel, how Jesus presented his teachings through Parables.The main theme of the parables is the central theme of the Gospel, the kingdom of God. The kingdom of God is not an area of land. It refers to Gods new society, to people who live according to Gods new rules.The kingdom of God is a present reality in the sense that God guided his people all the time, but it is also a future reality when God will rule the earth.Many Jews believe that God sent down an anointed one, the Messiah, to lead the people into developing the world God wanted. Jesus said that such a moment arrived. Evidence of this can be seen in Luke 4:17-19. The parables teach us things about God and his Kingdom such as where and when it is, how one can enter it and how important it is.The Good Samaritan Luke 10:25-37Jesus was confronted by an opponent one day, asking him who is my neighbour? Jesus told him about a man one day, who was robbed when walking between Jericho and Jerusalem. A Levite and priest passed him by, saw that he had been robbed and just crossed the road, then a Samaritan who was despised by the Jews helped the man and gave him food and shelter.This story showed p eople in Jesus time that everyone is our neighbour, even our worst enemy. This must have shocked many of Jesus audience, mainly because Priests and Levites were meant to love everyone because they were religious people.There is no place for discrimination in Gods Kingdom Jesus set an example for everybody by showing love to everyone: the Jews, the rich, the poor, the Levites and the sinners. Throughout the Parable, Jesus wanted to show us the different types of love shown towards the man that was robbed. The Parable may have surprised many people than, because there was a lot of tension between Samaritans and Jews then.The Parable of the Sower Luke 8:1-15The Parable of the Sower is one of the most well known: the seeds fall on four different type of ground: the footpath, rocky ground, among thistles and on good soil. At first sight, this may be seen as careless farming with so much seed to be wasted. The parable only makes sense when seen against the methos of farming followed Pales tine at the time. Certainly some seed was wasted but this is exactly what used to happen. The sowing was done before the ploughing.The message of the Parable is simple on the one hand it shows the frustrations of the Sowers labouring with its weed, greedy birds and rocky ground; on the other hand, in contrast to this, a picture of a rich harvest. The meaning of the story is that the kingdom of God will be successful in spite of all the frustrations and difficulties.What this Parable is trying to say is that the seed is Jesus message and that everything will grow from there, peoples faith, peoples freedom, and gods kingdom will finally be fulfilled.But Jesus changes this Parable into an allegory, when he talks about the seed being the word of God and the various types of soil being peoples different responses.The Lost Son Luke 15:11-32The Lost son is a Parable about a father who equally divides his Land between his two sons. One of his sons decides to sell the farm and spend it on l uxury goods away from, where as the other son works hard and make sure his crops grow well. The other son spends all his money and cant find a decent job so he ends up working with pigs the lowest job or rank you can be in Israel working with pigs.He goes back home and his father rejoices and prepares a great banquet to celebrate the return of his son. The other son is enraged and questions his father about it. The father replies My son was lost, and now he is found.The father treated the son like an honoured guest the robe was a sign of honour: the ring was a rich gift and a sign of position and authority and the fatted calf was kept especially for the arrival of a special occasion. The younger son has finally reached a point of repentance.The younger son teaches people in Jesus time how many people strayed away from God, and the further away they get, the more lost they become. And the elder son behaved just like the Pharisees and the Levite acting without any mercy or regard that his brother had returned safe and well.The Parable of the Friend at Midnight Luke 11:1-1Travelers in Palestine often journey late to avoid the scorching midday heat. When a man arrives the days baking has all been eaten. But in the east the law of hospitality is sacred, and so, late as it is, the host goes to the neighbour to borrow bread. Jesus audience must have smiled at the humour of the situation. The father in heaven can be trusted to give only what is good when his children pray to him.Jesus is pointing out the contrast between the unwillingness of the man who was knocked upon and the willingness of God who loves his Children.Ask and you will receive; seek and you will find;knock and the door will be opened. For everyonewho asks, receives; those who seek, find: and toanyone who knocks, the door will be opened. (Luke 9:9-10)Discuss the meaning and relevance of parables to the belief and life of Christians today.The teaching of Jesus parables today inspires many Christians . Values such as love and forgiveness are expressed in those stores in spite of the fact that they are set in the everyday life two thousand years ago.The Good SamaritanThe Two Great Commandments that are mentioned in this parable are to love God and to love your neighbour. From this parable, the story explains to us that everyone is a neighbour without looking at his or her race, religion or sociable background. The claims of the Kingdom of God state that all people must be treated the same and held in the same esteem. Love is the basic attitude, which all Christians should have no matter what.In personal experience, I have felt proud and confident of myself when I am able to help people who have been hurt either emotionally or physically. This parable has also inspired many people including myself to reach out to people in distress, to organisations such as The Samaritan or CAFOD.The Parable of The SowerChristians need to reflect from time on their faith, knowing that it is easy t o be distracted from their calling to be disciples.Nowadays, Television and newspapers are saying that evil is growing stronger than goodness, take for example the war in Iraq, which seems to be doing more harm than good, we may get discouraged, however there are many signs of goodness in the world.The Parable of the Sower explains to Christians today that we should repent for all our sins we have committed and that if we believe in Jesus and his teachings, not only will our faith grow but also our trust and love for one another and the bond between us and God.As an allegory, this parable can make us think of our way to respond to the Word of God.The Lost SonThe teaching of the Lost Son points out the Kingdom as one in which God offers people the chance to return to him. Christians see in the parable of the lost son a picture of Gods forgiveness shown in the father. He does not hold sin against people. They also claim that forgiveness produces reconciliation only when it is proceede d by repentance.Many Christians find it hard to welcome people from different backgrounds and cultures, mainly due to the fact that they believe in different religions, and they find it more difficult to communicate with them.Jesus did teach his followers to be ready to forgive others just as God would forgiven them. The parable of the Lost Son does teach us that God wants the penitent sinner to be welcomed back by the older brother.The Parables are no longer relevant for life today, Remember to consider both sides of the argument.I have a mixed view about this topic, one could argue with the statement saying:A parable is an important factor in society today, it helps us work out the meaning of life and the boundary line between right and wrong. This helps many Christians growing up understand the goodness in life and helps them lead a certain lifestyles.A Parable does catch the attention of the audience and is more interesting than long sermons, which would help the listener unders tand the topic more easily whether they are blind, or they cant read or write.Also parables help many people think and develop their own understanding about the Kingdom of God.Whereas on the other hand:Parables could make it more difficult to understand the meaning behind the stories for many of the children because it talks about seeding and farming, and does not talk about the moral issues of life.If I had to explain to a group of teenagers the story about the Good Samaritan, I would base it in modern day society. For example:One day, there was a man walking from Balham to Clapham south station when he was attacked by a couple of youths who stole his wallet. A Priest walked by and saw him but just crossed the road and carried on walking, then a doctor walked by and saw the man but just carried on walking, but then a refugee from Afghanistan, who was getting pressured and bullied by the council and community, saw the man and took pity on him. He gave the man shelter and warmth and paid the doctors to treat him.In conclusion, despite some problems of interpretation, the main teachings of the parables are relevant for life today, this is because human nature has not really changed.

Liquid Nitrogen Temperature

Liquid Nitrogen Temperature Liquid nitrogen is very cold! At normal atmospheric pressure, nitrogen is a liquid between 63 K and 77.2 K (-346 °F and -320.44 °F). Over this temperature range, liquid nitrogen looks much like boiling water. Below 63 K, it freezes into solid nitrogen. Because liquid nitrogen in a usual setting is boiling, its usual temperature is 77 K. Liquid nitrogen boils into nitrogen vapor at room temperature and pressure. The cloud of vapor that you see isnt steam or smoke. Steam is invisible water vapor, while smoke is a product of combustion. The cloud is water that has condensed out of the air from exposure to the cold temperature around the nitrogen. Cold air cannot hold as much humidity as warmer air, so a cloud forms. Being Safe With Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is not toxic, but it does present some hazards. First, as the liquid changes phase into a gas, the concentration of nitrogen in the immediate area increases. The concentration of other gases decreases, particularly near the floor, since cold gases are heavier than warmer gases and sink. An example of where this can present a problem is when liquid nitrogen is used to create a fog effect for a pool party. If only a small amount of liquid nitrogen is used, the temperature of the pool is unaffected and the excess nitrogen is blown away by a breeze. If a large amount of liquid nitrogen is used, the concentration of oxygen at the surface of the pool might be reduced to the point where it can cause breathing problems or hypoxia. Another hazard of liquid nitrogen is that the liquid expands to  174.6 times its original volume when it becomes a gas. Then, the gas expands another 3.7 times as it warms to room temperature. The total increase in volume is 645.3 times, which means vaporizing nitrogen exerts immense pressure on its surroundings. Liquid nitrogen should never be stored in a sealed container because it could burst. Finally, because liquid nitrogen is so very cold, it presents an immediate danger to living tissue. The liquid vaporizes so quickly a small amount will bounce off the skin on a cushion of nitrogen gas, but a large volume can cause frostbite. Cool Liquid Nitrogen Uses The quick vaporization of nitrogen means all of the element boils off when you make liquid nitrogen ice cream. The liquid nitrogen makes the ice cream cold enough to turn into a solid, but it doesnt actually remain as an ingredient. Another cool effect of the vaporization is that liquid nitrogen (and other cryogenic liquids) appear to levitate. This is due to the Leidenfrost effect, which is when a liquid boils so rapidly, its surrounded by a cushion of gas. Liquid nitrogen splashed onto the floor appears to skitter away just over the surface. There are videos where people throw liquid nitrogen out onto a crowd. No one is harmed because the Leidenfrost effect prevents any of the super-cold liquid from touching them.

The Value of Higher Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Value of Higher Education - Research Paper Example What is definitely agreed on is that higher education is very important in being able to get a job that pays a worker well enough to maintain a home, family and the necessities of living that go along with that. As we grow from childhood, our parents, or other authoritative adults, tell us that the way to succeed in life is go to school, go to college after high school, then get a good job after graduation. Attending college is commonly perceived as the only way to getting a good job that pays enough to have a nice home, car, and support a family. In 2000, 84 percent of American adults over 25 years of age had completed high school, and 26 percent had attained at least a bachelor’s degree. Those numbers were an all-time high score compared to 1975, where only 63 percent of adults had graduated high school, with only 14 percent graduating college (Day, 2002). Research showed that in the years between 1997 and 1999, a non-high school graduate could expect to make no more than $2 3, 400 in a full-time job per year, whereas a college graduate could make $52,200 and a doctoral degree could bring in $89,400 or more (Day, 2002). What was also interesting to note was the charting results of comparison salaries between men and women with bachelor degrees who basically start out at almost the same salary in similar jobs in the early 20-something age group. In the later ages, women tend to lag behind in salary increases, most likely due to having children and being off work, moving to accommodate a husband getting a better job elsewhere, or just having a degree that doesn’t address the current job market needs (CPS, 2002). Moving forward to the latest report, published in 2012, accommodating survey information from 1984 compared to 2009, the numbers show that almost twice as many sampling respondents have attained a vocational certification, associate’s degree and higher. What was most glaring however, was to see that the numbers had dropped from 60,00 0 high school graduates in 1984 to 57,8880 in 2009 (Ewert, 2012). With a larger population growth, this means that fewer teenagers are actually graduating from high school, leaving a larger labor force in the population that does not have a higher level of education. For those that went on to college, the greatest amount of bachelor degrees were awarded in the fields of business, with close runner up degrees in education, engineering, health care, liberal arts and humanities, and natural sciences. Advanced degrees attained were in education (as the highest rate), business, law, medicine, with nursing/public health and natural sciences running neck in neck in the fifth position. In vocational certificates, the highest is in health care, with business/office a close second. Auto mechanics came next, with cosmetology, computer trades and construction trades in the third, fourth and fifth ranking positions (Ewert, 2012). What must be taken into consideration is the change in population sampling from 1984 and an upgraded survey to a different sampling group in 2009. The labor market and its current needs are also reflective of what fields student get degrees in, fully expecting to get jobs in that field after graduation, get on-the-job experience and then go for an advanced degree in the same field. What is not calculated into this path of development is how the job market in, say, the

Discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion 2 - Assignment Example Therefore, this means that cultural diversity increases the sales of a business, as well as its profit. If a business plans to sell in a diverse marketplace, then it must be totally able effectively to utilize its diverse workers in significant strategic ways. The aging populace is both an advantage and a disadvantage for small businesses (McCarthy, 2012). One certain thing, however, is that small organizations will have to reorient their strategies to hurdle the exceptional challenges and opportunities aging people offer (McCarthy, 2012). In the 90’s, among the biggest hurdles facing small businesses was access to government regulations, capital and taxes. Nevertheless, in the new millennium, they can add a new hurdle to the list, the persistent labor shortage. Therefore, businesses lack the required labor, which would enable them to work efficiently (McCarthy, 2012). On an optimistic note, small organizations can exploit this growing section of the population. Marketing strategy and new products will need to be created targeting the elderly

Criminology Essays Crime Deprivation Strain

Criminology Essays Crime Deprivation Strain Crime Deprivation Strain Since the dawn of human civilisation, we have wondered about why certain people act in certain ways. We all carry in our minds images of the deviant and where these deviant minded people operate and live. With regard to the relationship with crime and deprivation, broken windows theory, strain theory, relative deprivation theory and concentric theory all explore how the two variables contrast with one another and to what extent the two are linked. ‘Neutralization’ theory (Walters, 2003) explains that the deviant was helplessly ‘pushed’ into the behavior of deviance and that under the same circumstances; any other person would resort to the same actions. Criminals who ‘choose’ the deviant career in the most deprived areas defend their actions by suggesting that there is no future, jobs, prosperity and no opportunity for a bright future, but of course as we all know, poverty is no excuse for a crime to be committed. People who live in the most deprived areas realize that they have no hope to advance in society (Walters, 2003). Merton’s ‘strain’ theory can be directly connected with this theory as his ‘strain’ theory explains that by the time the lower classes reached the mode of rebellion (least legitimate opportunities for achievement) they have completely rejected the story that everybody can achieve success and have loomed into the state of frustration an d anger (Walters, 2003). According to a study by Houchin, a quarter of all inmates in Scotland’s jails come from just 53 council wards, most of which are in poorer areas of Glasgow (McNeil, 2005).It is very clear that in this particular study ‘social deprivation’ could well be a factor in these offences. According to Houchin, being in prison is just another element of social exclusion, the same as having bad housing, getting poor educational opportunities and having bad health. The study can be concluded along with the ‘Neutralization’ theory that all of the prisoners ended up in prison due to a lack of opportunities. ‘Strain’ theory (Merton 1939) attempts to explain why deprivation and crime is or not linked. The theory assumes fairly uniform economic success aspiration across social class and the theory attempts to explain why crime is concentrated among the lower classes that have the least legitimate opportunities for achievement. The lower classes are the most vulnerable to this pressure, or strain, and will maintain their unfulfilled economic aspirations in spite of frustration and failure. â€Å"There has always been a link between deprivation and crime, but we need to be very careful and recognize it is a very complex issue.† (Houchin, 2005). Merton suggested that by the time people reach the mode of rebellion, they have completely rejected the story that everybody can achieve success and have loomed into the rebellious state. They neither trust the valued cultural ends or the legitimate societal means used to reach success. According to Merton’s final mode theor y, ritualism, people realise that they have no real opportunity to advance in society and accept the little relevance that they have. It is in this mode that people concentrate on retaining what little they possibly gained or still have in place of concentrating on a higher yield of success (Merton, 1939). Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers According to Cohen’s view of the ‘strain’ theory he points out that except for the category of rebellion, Merton’s strain theory is incapable of explaining purposeless crime, just for the ‘fun’ of it (Walters, 2003). Losers in the competition for status experience strong feelings of frustration of deprivation. Most of them, accept their fate, but a significant number turn to crime. For Cohen as opposed to Merton, the working class and qualitatively similar middle class are more or less, incapable of revising their aspiration downwards. Shaw and McKay devised the ‘Concentric Zones’ theory. Shaw and McKay argued that any city (Canterbury for example) could be divided into various concentric zones emanating from the centre of the city. The concentric zone can be visually (mentally) pictured as rings as an archery target with the central arch key zone 1 and each successive ring being named successfully. The middle zone (zone 1) is the central business district in any city. The next is the inner city (zone 2) and zone 3 is the working class housing, zone 4 being the middle class (suburbs) and zone 5 being the city fringe (rural, semi-rural areas) inhabited by the rich. In examining crime rates in relation to each zone, Shaw and McKay found that one zone in particular (zone 2) exhibited higher rates of crime than any other zone. This zone had a consistently higher rate of crime than any other zone, regardless of which immigrant group dominated the cultural life of the area. This led Shaw and McKay to argue t hat the high crime rates were not a consequence of the behaviour of any one particular ethnic group. Rather, they argued that something about the fact of living in such a zone was the root cause of the high levels of crime. Zone 2 can be regarded as the zone with high ‘deprivation’ levels with a higher rate of crime than other zones. Zone 2 is known as the ‘transitional’ zone which is made up of abandoned buildings, factories and deteriorated housing along with high rates of recent immigration groups (eastern European, and Muslim background). It is interesting to note here that zone 2 having a high deprivation level attracting a high crime rate (a zone with very few opportunities). The ‘concentric’ zone theory appears to give an insight into the fact that deprivation and crime is linked very closely with regards to zone 2, which shows a high level of poverty. The concentric zone theory shows quite clearly that the transitional zone (zone 2) shows a high level of deprivation which shows a high level of crime. However the ‘Residential’ zone shows, according to Shaw and McKay, has low levels of deprivation and crime. We can see that the ‘concentricà ¢â‚¬â„¢ theory shows a link between crime and deprivation where the transitional zone in comparison to other zones is concerned. ‘Relative deprivation’ theory explores the negative feelings people feel when they compare their positions to those more financially richer than their self. According to this theory, social movements arise when people feel deprived of what they perceive as their ‘fair share’ and similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviours when their means do not match cultural goals (Merton, 1938). Feelings of deprivation come from a comparison to themselves the more ‘richer’ persons in question. This differentiates relative deprivation from objective deprivation, a condition that applies to all people with fewest opportunities (lowest income, the least education). Relative deprivation is unlikely to change as long as humans are better off than others. Source; Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2006, (www.statistics.gov.uk/neighbourhood.asl) The graph above shows a broadly ‘linear’ core to the relationship with one or two values that do not correspond well with the general pattern of increasing deprivation matched by increasing levels of street crime. The relationship used is the link between deprivation and street crime in London, using all London boroughs as the units for which values of both crime and deprivation have been obtained. The data has been obtained from the government’s neighborhood statistics website. We can clearly see from this graph that there is a strong relationship between crime and deprivation. Borough Deprivation scores Robbery City of London 15.99 8.8 Barking and Dagenham 37.85 4.7 Barnet 16.63 3.1 Bexley 16.97 1.9 Brent 33.53 7.7 Bromley 12.64 2.3 Camden 36.56 9.7 Croydon 21.04 4.6 Ealing 26.78 4.9 Enfield 26.79 4.3 Greenwich 37.87 2.2 Hackney 57.26 11.4 Hammersmith and Fulham 31.57 5.6 Haringey 42.3 10.5 Harrow 16.03 2.6 Havering 16.62 1.7 Hillington 18.3 1.9 Hounslow 25.76 3.4 Islington 45.27 8.6 Kensington and Chelsea 20.7 5.5 Kingston upon Thames 9.83 1.6 Lambeth 38.29 17.2 Lewisham 36.79 6.3 Merton 18.37 2.1 Redbridge 56.18 8.9 Richmond upon Thames 21.92 3.9 Southwark 7.5 1.2 Sutton 44.54 9.2 Tower Hamlets 64.72 17.3 Source; Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2006, (www.statistics.gov.uk/neighbourhood.asl) As we can see from the table above showing deprivation score figures, Tower Hamlets and Hackney particularly, being well known for a crime hot-spot scored a very high deprivation score as well as scoring a very high robbery type crime score. There does appear to be a strong relationship showing boroughs with high deprivation scores with high robbery score figures. Judging from the table above we can assume that high deprivation levels attract crime, but attracting a ‘certain ‘type’ of crime is more the accurate way of explaining how crime and deprivation is linked as you will see below in the following tables. However, it is interesting to note that Lambeth gained a score of 38.29 attracted a crime score of 17.2, reasonably the same as Tower hamlets although with half the deprivation score. As previously discussed, not all types of crime are attracted to one area but there does seem to be a relationship between crime and deprivation for the majority of the boroughs in the above table and graph. Source; Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2006, (www.statistics.gov.uk/neighbourhood.asl) As you can see from the graph above, the crime ‘assault’, is more common in deprived areas whilst burglaries are more or less equally common in all areas whether be the most or least deprived areas. It appears that areas with high deprivation levels attract assault type crimes more so than burglaries. As you can see from the graph the number of reported assaults decreases when compared with ‘less’ deprived areas with burglary becoming slightly more common in the most least deprived area. The likelihood of assault increases steadily with the areas level of deprivation. Thus, the rate of recorded assault in the most deprived tenth of wards is, at 30 per 1000 populations, twice the average rate and five times the rate in the least deprived tenth (Walters, 2003). However, there are other forms of crime where the link with deprivation is much weaker. Although it is true that the burglary rate in the most deprived tenth of local areas is, at 10 burglaries per 1000 population, some what above average, for all other levels of deprivation, the rate fluctuates between 6 and 8 per 1000( National Statistics, 2007). As far as there being a link between crime and deprivation is concerned, deprivation does attract certain types of crime (assault) but not all crime only exists in areas with high deprivation levels, and even the least deprived areas (as the graph dictates) attracts more burglary than assault. Source; Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2006, (www.statistics.gov.uk/neighbourhood.asl) As you can see from the graph above there is a strong relationship between the state of the local outdoor physical environment and the level of deprivation. However, the relationship between housing quality and deprivation is much weaker. Also, it would appear from the above graphical results that over half of areas with the worst physical environment are in the most deprived of all local areas. The theory known as the ‘Broken Windows’ theory, which argues that small indicators of neglect, such as broken windows promote a feeling that an area is in a state of decay. Anticipating decay, people likewise fail to maintain their own properties. The theory suggests that abandonment causes crime, rather than crime causing abandonment. â€Å"If a window is broken and left un-repaired, people walking by will conclude that no one cares and no one is in charge†. (Murray, L. 2007). According to Murray, the ‘Broken-Windows’ theory promotes an explanation towards w hy such areas in dense urban cities, such as the example taken from above, attract and sustain crime in particular excluded areas. The ‘Broken-Windows’ theory (Matza, 1969) appears to be proven to be accurate, in relation to the results from the above graph when looking at the condition of the physical environment in comparison to the housing quality (broken windows). From looking at the graph above it clearly shows that the higher the housing quality the lower the deprivation levels are, which coincides with the ‘Broken Windows’ theory (Matza, 1969). Where deprivation is evident, crime is sure to follow suit. â€Å"Deviance varies systematically by physical and geographical location. Where located residentially determines the likelihood that that person will commit deviances and criminal behaviour.† (Matza, 1969). In relation to the quote, deviant behaviour varies upon the physical and geographical location. Where high levels of deprivation and poor physical environment is present, deviant behaviour is sure to follow as no authority nor order is in place to stop such deviant act ivity, and so, crime occurs in the more deprived areas, which is proven to be so in the above graph. Source; Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2006, (www.statistics.gov.uk/neighbourhood.asl) As the title of the graph above states, the graph above shows that over half of areas with the worst physical environment are in the most deprived of the local areas. The ‘broken windows’ theory can be directly related to the graph above, a sit gives a relatively clear view on the fact that areas with the worst physical environment are in the most deprived of all local areas. The three graphs clearly show a strong link between deprivation and its tendency to attracting crime. In conclusion, it is quite possible to say that there is a ‘form’ of link between crime and deprivation. Deprived areas are ‘deprived’ of opportunities and aspirations to achieve educational and economical success. This creates deviant behavior to occur, thus creating crime in deprived areas. Although there is a link between the two variables it is important to note that with deprived areas the people are deprived of the chance to succeed in life. Strain causes people to be deviant because of this limited chance of success and in turn Neutralization theory was born to explain the fact that these deviant people have no other choice but to commit such deviant acts as there is no other option. To combat such limited opportunities more jobs and better health and educational standards are to be made available to the members of society who live within these areas. This in theory limits the excuses for crimes to be committed in deprived areas. There is a link betwe en crime and deprivation, however as discussed, not all crimes are committed in these areas. The debate about the possible link between crime and deprivation is one that has been rumbling for many years and will continue to do so.